An AI is a type of drug that prevents an enzyme called aromatase from making estrogen. Blocking aromatase lowers the amount of estrogen in the body, which may stop the growth of cancer cells that need estrogen to grow. AIs are a type of hormone therapy used to treat HR+, HER2- breast cancer.

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that is used to destroy cancer cells. It works by keeping cancer cells from growing and dividing. Chemotherapy is a systemic medication. This means it travels through the bloodstream and reaches all parts of the body.

Fulvestrant is a breast cancer treatment that binds to estrogen receptors to stop cancer cells from growing.

Goserelin is a treatment that stops the ovaries from making estradiol, which is a form of estrogen. Goserelin can also stop the growth of cancer cells that need estrogen to grow.

Hormone receptor status is whether or not a tumor has (positive) or doesn’t have (negative) hormone receptors on its surface. Hormone receptor status will factor into what treatments you are able to receive.

Hormone therapy is treatment that is used for certain types of breast cancer to add, block, or remove hormones. Hormone therapy is also referred to as endocrine therapy.

HER2 status means the amount of HER2 proteins found on breast cancer cells. If a lot of HER2 proteins are found, the cancer is called HER2 positive (HER2+). If no or very few HER2 proteins are found, the cancer is called HER2 negative (HER2-).

Liver enzymes are proteins that help speed up bodily functions like producing bile, breaking down toxins, and fighting infection.

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped organs that are part of the body’s immune system. Lymph nodes filter harmful substances, such as cancer cells and infections. Cancer can start and spread through the lymph nodes.

Metastatic breast cancer is cancer that has spread throughout the body through blood vessels or lymph nodes to a distant location, like the bones, lungs, liver, and brain. Metastatic breast cancer is also referred to as stage 4 breast cancer.

An initial diagnosis of stage 4 breast cancer is called de novo metastatic breast cancer.

Postmenopausal describes someone who has gone through menopause. This means that you haven’t had a menstrual period for more than 12 months in a row.

Premenopausal describes someone who has not gone through menopause and still has menstrual periods.

Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses beams of high energy to kill cancer cells. It does this by damaging the genetic material that makes up cancer cells.

Targeted therapy is a type of medicine that targets proteins that control how cancer cells grow and spread. KISQALI is a targeted treatment.